Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (Section 5) - All Filers Are Required to Complete This Page

9. Check if this filing amends a previously filed version of this report

LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.

15. General issue area code BAN

16. Specific lobbying issues

H.R. 1422, Enhanced Iran Sanctions Act, all provisions.
H.R. 2548, Sanctioning Russia Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 2653, Manifest Modernization Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 3190, BRAVE Burma Act, all provisions.
H.R. 3447, Chip Security Act, all provisions.
H.R. 4346, Preventing the Escalation of Armed Conflict in Europe (PEACE) Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 4362, AFIDA Improvements Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 4397, Muslim Brotherhood Terrorist Designation Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 5797, Designating the Russian Federation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism Act, all provisions.
H.R. 5835, REPO Implementation Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 6275, China AI Power Report Act, all provisions.
H.R. 6875, AI OVERWATCH Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7003, BIS STRENGTH Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7094, No Aid for Russian Energy Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7095, Ending Importation of Laundered Russian Oil Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7180, Countering Captagon and Narcotics Post-Assad Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7184, Preventing Rogue Equipment for Synthetic Substances (PRESS) Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7415, Holding Accountable Russian Mercenaries Act 2.0, all provisions.
H.R. 7506, Decreasing Russian Oil Profits (DROP) Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 8022, DETECT Nitazenes Act of 2026, all provisions.
H.R. 8106, Rosatom Sanctions Enforcement Act, all provisions.
S. 1241, Sanctioning Russia Act of 2025, all provisions.
S. 1705, Chip Security Act, all provisions.
S. 1739, International Nuclear Energy Financing Act of 2025, all provisions.
S. 2293, Muslim Brotherhood Terrorist Designation Act of 2025, all provisions.
S. 2609, Financial Technology Protection Act of 2025, all provisions.
S. 2904, Sanctioning Harbors and Dodgers of Western Sanctions (SHADOW) Fleets Act, all provisions.
S. 2918, REPO Implementation Act of 2025, all provisions.
S. 2978, Designating the Russian Federation as a State Sponsor of Terrorism, all provisions.
S. 3513, Decreasing Russian Oil Profits (DROP) Act of 2025, all provisions.
S. 556, Enhanced Iran Sanctions Act of 2025, all provisions.
S. 63, CBW Fentanyl Act, all provisions.


Issues related to Boycotts Against Israel; Captagon, Fentanyl, and International Narcotics Production and Trafficking; DIB Capacity Tax Incentives; Evaluating Sanctions, Export Controls, and AML Regulations, Regulatory Authorities, and Legislative Authorities; Foreign Extortion Prevention;
Foreign Investment in Latin America; Iranian Oil Sanctions Enforcement; U.S. Adversaries Sanctions Evasion Schemes; U.S. China Sanctions Policy; U.S. Export Control Policy; U.S. Hezbollah Sanctions Policy; U.S. International Development Finance Corporation; U.S. Investment Screening and Security;
U.S. Iran Sanctions Policy; U.S. Muslim Brotherhood Sanctions Policy; U.S. Russia Sanctions Policy;
U.S. Sanctions Authorities, Implementation, Enforcement, Resourcing, and Policy; U.S. Terrorism Sanctions Policy; U.S. Turkey Sanctions Policy; U.S. Venezuela Sanctions Policy; and Chinese Access to U.S. Capital Markets and Advanced Technology (no bill).

17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None

U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area

19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None

​

LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.

15. General issue area code DEF

16. Specific lobbying issues

H.Con.Res. 38, Directing the President pursuant to section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution to remove United States Armed Forces from unauthorized hostilities in the Islamic Republic of Iran, all provisions.
H.R. 2246, Foreign Investment Guardrails to Help Thwart (FIGHT) China Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 3463, Comprehensive Operations for Unmanned-System Neutralization and Threat Elimination Response (COUNTER) Act, all provisions.
H.R. 4107, GOLDEN DOME Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 5013, AUKUS Improvement Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 7126, Securing Essential and Critical U.S. Resources and Elements (SECURE) Minerals Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7146, Providing Our Regional Companions Upgraded Protection in Nefarious Environments (PORCUPINE) Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7178, U.S.-Israel Anti-Killer Drone Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7540, United States-Israel Framework for Upgraded Technologies, Unified Research, and Enhanced Security (FUTURES) Act of 2026, all provisions.
H.R. 8019, U.S.-Greece Defense Cooperation Advancement Act, all provisions.
S. 3659, Securing Essential and Critical U.S. Resources and Elements (SECURE) Minerals Act, all provisions.
S. 3855, United States-Israel Framework for Upgraded Technologies, Unified Research, and Enhanced Security (FUTURES) Act, all provisions.
S. 4219, Abraham Accords Defense Cooperation Act of 2026, all provisions.
S.J.Res. 104, A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities within or against the Islamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress, all provisions.

Issues related to Chinas Military-Industrial Complex (CMIC); Chinese Semiconductor Manufacturing Companies; Defense Production Act Reform; Evaluating UAV Supply Chains; Implementation and Oversight of the FY26 National Defense Authorization Act; Irans Military Strategy and Capabilities; Irans Network of Terror Proxies; Iranian Weapons Proliferation; Middle East Integrated Air and Missile Defense Architecture; Operation Epic Fury; Russias Foreign Policy and Military Strategy; Safeguarding DOD-Funded Research; Securing Critical Weapons Systems Supply Chains; U.S. Arms Sales and Procurement Strategies; U.S. Drone Production; U.S. F-35 Program Development; U.S. Gray Zone Defense Assessment; U.S. Information Operations Capabilities; U.S. International Legal Operations Strategy; U.S. Military Posture in Syria; U.S. Missile Defense Capabilities; U.S. Nuclear Deterrence Policy; U.S. Policy on Irans Ballistic Missile and Nuclear Programs; U.S. Policy on Irans Support for Terrorism; U.S. Policy on Russias War in Ukraine; U.S.-Israel Security Cooperation; U.S.-Japan Security Cooperation; U.S.-Lebanon Security Cooperation; U.S.-Mexico Security Cooperation; U.S.-Syria Security Cooperation; U.S.-Taiwan Security Cooperation; U.S.-Turkey Security Cooperation; U.S.-Ukraine Security Cooperation; and War Reserve Stockpiles for Allies (no bill).

17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None

U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area

19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None

​

LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.

15. General issue area code FOR

16. Specific lobbying issues

H.R. 2394, Deterring External Threats and Ensuring Robust Responses to Egregious and Nefarious Criminal Endeavors (DETERRENCE) Act, all provisions.
H.R. 2504, The U.S.-European Nuclear Energy Cooperation Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 3068, Missile Technology Control Revision Act, all provisions.
H.R. 3307, Eastern Mediterranean Gateway Act, all provisions.
H.R. 3315, No Hezbollah In Our Hemisphere Act, all provisions.
H.R. 36, MEGOBARI Act, all provisions.
H.R. 3613, Streamlining Foreign Military Sales Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 4215, International Traffic in Arms Regulations Licensing Reform Act, all provisions.
H.R. 4216, Made-in-America Defense Act, all provisions.
H.R. 4233, AUKUS Reform for Military Optimization and Review (ARMOR) Act, all provisions.
H.R. 4335, Abraham Accords Defense Against Terror Act, all provisions.
H.R. 4458, Combating PRC Overseas and Unlawful Networked Threats through Enhanced Resilience (COUNTER) Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 4531, BANNED In Latin America Act, all provisions.
H.R. 5274, Western Balkans Democracy and Prosperity Act, all provisions.
H.R. 6105, Restricting Ex-Vetted Officials from Knowledge Exploitation (REVOKE) Act, all provisions.
H.R. 6106, Conflict-free Leaving Employment and Activity Restrictions (CLEAR) Path Act, all provisions.
H.R. 6107, Preventing Adversary Influence, Disinformation, and Obscured Foreign Financing (PAID OFF) Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 6469, Feasibility Review of Emerging Equipment for Digital Open Media (FREEDOM) Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7006, Financial Services and General Government and National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2026, (issue related to National Endowment for Democracy Funding)
H.R. 7018, Stand with Israel Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7148, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, (issues related to International Nuclear Energy Financing; Security and Governance in Latin America; Baltic Security Initiative; Countering PRC Influence Fund; Foreign Military Financing for Israel; and IRGC Designation Reaffirmation).
H.R. 7311, Lebanon Election Integrity and Diaspora Voting Protection Act of 2026, all provisions.
H.R. 7380, Internet Reach and Access Now (IRAN) Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7567, Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026 (issues related to Binational Agricultural Research and Development; CFIUS Consideration of Certain Agricultural Land Transactions; and Rural Water and Wastewater Circuit Rider Program).
H.R. 7616, Transatlantic Academic Security and Risk Mitigation Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7622, Iran Human Rights, Internet Freedom, and Accountability Act of 2026, all provisions.
H.R. 7632, Strategic Hybrid Activities Defense and Operations for the West (SHADOW) Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7873, Taiwan Energy Security and Anti-Embargo Act, all provisions.
H.Res. 1008, Recognizing and expressing support for the Iranian people protesting for a free and democratic Iran, all provisions.
H.Res. 1099, Reaffirming Iran remains the largest state sponsor of terrorism, all provisions.
H.Res. 176, Encouraging the EU to DESIGNATE Resolution, all provisions.
H.Res. 594, Condemning the persecution of Christians in Muslim-majority countries, all provisions.
H.Res. 993, Recognizing and expressing support for the Iranian people protesting for a free and democratic Iran, all provisions.
S. 1625, SHIELD Against CCP Act, all provisions.
S. 198, PLO and PA Terror Payments Accountability Act of 2025, all provisions.
S. 2132, CLEAR PATH Act, all provisions.
S. 2722, Taiwan Energy Security and Embargo Act, all provisions.
S. 3181, REVOKE Act, all provisions.
S. 3360, Feasibility Review of Emerging Equipment for Digital Open Media (FREEDOM) Act, all provisions.
S. 3679, Banning Perpetrators of Religious Persecution Act, all provisions.
S. 3900, Iran Human Rights, Internet Freedom, and Accountability Act of 2026, all provisions.
S. 4192, Property Location Oversight and Transparency (PLOT) Act of 2026, all provisions.
S. 842, No Hezbollah In Our Hemisphere Act, all provisions.
S. 981, Foreign Agents Transparency Act, all provisions.
S.3056, Combatting the Persecution of Religious Groups in China Act, all provisions.
S.Res. 606, A resolution condemning the Government of Iran for its suppression of the right of Iranians to peacefully assemble, all provisions.

Issues related to Chinas Foreign Policy and Military Strategy; Chinese and Russian Activities in Africa; Chinese, Iranian, and Russian Activities in Latin America; Congressional Oversight of U.S. Arms Sales; Foreign Agricultural Land Purchases; Implementation and Oversight of Commerce, Justice, Science; Energy and Water Development; and Interior and Environment Appropriations Act, 2026; Implementation and Oversight of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026; Implementation and Oversight of Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction, and Veterans Affairs, and Extension Act, 2026; Implementation and Oversight of the National Security Act of 2024; Malign Foreign Influence in International Organizations; Middle East Peace Plan Implementation and Oversight; Strengthening the National Endowment for Democracy; Normalization in the Middle East; Protecting International Religious Freedom; Qatars, South Africas, and Turkeys Support of Terrorism; Russia's Mass Abduction of Ukrainian Children; Support for U.S. Allies at International Organizations; Syria-Turkey Relations; Taiwan's Energy Independence; U.S. Contributions to and Oversight of International Organizations; U.S. Energy Security Policy; U.S. Foreign Aid Policy and Reform; U.S. Policy on China's Human Rights Abuses and Repression; U.S. Policy on Irans Human Rights Abuses and Censorship; U.S. Support for the Iranian People; U.S.-Cuba Relations; U.S.-Europe Relations; U.S.-Gulf Relations; U.S.-Israel Relations; U.S.-Latin America Foreign Policy and Strategy; U.S.-Mexico Relations; U.S.-NATO Relations; U.S.-South Africa Relations; U.S.-Turkey Relations; and U.S.-Venezuela Policy (no bill).

17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None

U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, White House Office

18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area

19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None

​

LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.

15. General issue area code HOM

16. Specific lobbying issues

H.R. 1736, Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act, all provisions.
H.R. 2158, Countering Transnational Repression Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 3463, Comprehensive Operations for Unmanned-System Neutralization and Threat Elimination Response (COUNTER) Act, all provisions.
H.R. 881, DHS Restrictions on Confucius Institutes and Chinese Entities of Concern Act, all provisions.

17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None

U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area

19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None

​

LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.

15. General issue area code SCI

16. Specific lobbying issues

H.R. 5868, Water Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2025, all provisions.
H.R. 6576, SAFE LiDAR Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7121, Securing Federal Devices from Chinese Applications Act, all provisions.
H.R. 7625, Marine Transportation System Cybersecurity Budget and Evaluation Report (MTS CYBER) Act of 2026, all provisions.
H.R. 8283, Deterring American AI Model Theft Act, all provisions.
S. 1775, Protecting AI and Cloud Competition in Defense Act of 2025, all provisions.
S. 2177, No Adversarial AI Act, all provisions.
S. 2222, Critical Undersea Infrastructure Resilience Initiative Act, all provisions.
S. 450, Decoupling from Foreign Adversarial Battery Dependence Act, all provisions.
S.1473, Stop Stealing our Chips Act, all provisions.

Issues related to China's AI Capabilities; Chinese Biotech Industry and Dual-Use Threats; Chinese Cellular Modules; Chinese EV Manufacturing; Chinese Phone Applications; Chinese Unmanned Aerial Systems; Chinese-Made Battery Storage Systems; Cyber-Informed Engineering; Development of Internet Access Technologies; Foreign Ownership of Data Centers; Information Technology Devices from Foreign Adversary-Controlled Companies; Light Detection and Ranging Sensor Technology; National Guard Role in Cyber Incident Response; Securing Critical U.S. Infrastructure and Mineral Supply Chains; Securing U.S. Defense Technology; Securing U.S. Military Mobility Infrastructure; Securing U.S. Transportation Systems; Subsea Cable Systems; Taiwanese Cybersecurity Resilience; U.S. AI Chip Security; U.S. Airport Cybersecurity Enhancements; U.S. Artificial Intelligence Policy; U.S. Cybersecurity Capabilities and Strategy; U.S. Emerging Technology Capabilities; U.S. Healthcare Cybersecurity Enhancements; U.S. Highways Cybersecurity Enhancements; U.S. Maritime Cybersecurity Enhancements;
U.S. Rail Infrastructure Cybersecurity Enhancements; and U.S.-Israel Cooperation on AI and Quantum Capabilities (no bill).

17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None

U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area

19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None

​

LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.

15. General issue area code EDU

16. Specific lobbying issues

H.R. 1048, Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions (DETERRENT) Act, all provisions.
H.R. 1049, Transparency in Reporting of Adversarial Contributions to Education (TRACE) Act, all provisions.
H.R. 1069, Promoting Responsible Oversight to Eliminate Communist Teachings for (PROTECT) Our Kids Act, all provisions.
S. 1296, Defending Education Transparency and Ending Rogue Regimes Engaging in Nefarious Transactions (DETERRENT) Act, all provisions.
S. 2509, Transparency in Reporting of Adversarial Contributions to Education (TRACE) Act, all provisions.
S. 3942, SPONSOR Act, all provisions.

Issues related to Foreign Influence in U.S. Higher and Elementary Education; Foreign State-Directed Media; Implementation of the Clery Act; Foreign Influence in Nonprofit Sector and Foreign Gift Compliance Transparency (no bill).

17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None

U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Education - Dept of, Government Accountability Office (GAO)

18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area

19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None

​

LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.

15. General issue area code TRD

16. Specific lobbying issues

H.R. 6988, Trade Transparency Unit Strategy Act, all provisions.
S. 2677, A bill to expand the sharing of information with respect to suspected violations of intellectual property rights in trade, all provisions.
S. 3608, Trade Transparency Unit Strategy Act, all provisions.

Issues Related to U.S. Trade Policy and U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) (no bill).

17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None

U.S. SENATE, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area

19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None

​

LOBBYING ACTIVITY. Select as many codes as necessary to reflect the general issue areas in which the registrant engaged in lobbying on behalf of the client during the reporting period. Using a separate page for each code, provide information as requested. Add additional page(s) as needed.

15. General issue area code INT

16. Specific lobbying issues

Issues Related to Chinese Malign Influence in the Western Hemisphere; PRC Intelligence Threats; and Reforms to U.S. Counterintelligence Policy (no bill).

17. House(s) of Congress and Federal agencies Check if None

U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

18. Name of each individual who acted as a lobbyist in this issue area

19. Interest of each foreign entity in the specific issues listed on line 16 above Check if None

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Information Update Page - Complete ONLY where registration information has changed.

20. Client new address

21. Client new principal place of business (if different than line 20)

22. New General description of client’s business or activities

LOBBYIST UPDATE

23. Name of each previously reported individual who is no longer expected to act as a lobbyist for the client

ISSUE UPDATE

24. General lobbying issue that no longer pertains

AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS

25. Add the following affiliated organization(s)

Internet Address:

26. Name of each previously reported organization that is no longer affiliated with the registrant or client

FOREIGN ENTITIES

27. Add the following foreign entities:

28. Name of each previously reported foreign entity that no longer owns, or controls, or is affiliated with the registrant, client or affiliated organization

CONVICTIONS DISCLOSURE

29. Have any of the lobbyists listed on this report been convicted in a Federal or State Court of an offense involving bribery, extortion, embezzlement, an illegal kickback, tax evasion, fraud, a conflict of interest, making a false statement, perjury, or money laundering?
No Yes